🔋 Smart Energy Management System

Advanced IoT-Enabled Energy Monitoring & Control System

Developed by Gestell Company - Professional Embedded Solutions

---

📋 Table of Contents

• Overview
• System Architecture
• Features
• Hardware Components
• Software Components
• Getting Started
• Project Structure
• Development Team
• Documentation
• License

---

🎯 Overview

The Smart Energy Management System is a comprehensive solution for real-time electricity monitoring and intelligent load control. Built on the ATmega32 microcontroller, it combines embedded firmware, mobile application, and web dashboard to provide complete energy visibility and control.

Key Capabilities

• ⚡ Real-time Monitoring: Voltage, Current, Power, and Energy consumption
• 📱 Mobile App: Native Flutter application for Android/iOS
• 🌐 Web Dashboard: Professional browser-based monitoring interface
• 🔌 Smart Control: 4-channel relay control with overload protection
• 📊 Data Logging: Historical energy consumption tracking
• 🔐 Protection: Automatic overload and overvoltage cutoff
• 📡 Dual Connectivity: Bluetooth (local) + WiFi (remote IoT)

---

🏗️ System Architecture

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│                     USER INTERFACES                          │
├──────────────────┬──────────────────┬───────────────────────┤
│  Mobile App      │  Web Dashboard   │  LCD Display          │
│  (Flutter)       │  (HTML/JS/CSS)   │  (16x4 Character)     │
│  📱 Local BT     │  🌐 Remote IoT   │  🔍 Local Display     │
└────────┬─────────┴────────┬─────────┴──────────┬────────────┘
         │                  │                     │
         │ Bluetooth        │ WiFi (Optional)     │ Direct
         │ (HC-05)          │ (ESP-01)            │
         │                  │                     │
┌────────▼──────────────────▼─────────────────────▼────────────┐
│              EMBEDDED SYSTEM (ATmega32)                      │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  Application Layer:                                          │
│  • Measurement Engine  • Protection Manager                  │
│  • Display Manager     • Communication Manager               │
│  • Energy Logger       • System Controller                   │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  HAL Layer:                                                  │
│  • ACS712 Current Sensor  • Voltage Divider                  │
│  • LCD Driver            • HC-05 Bluetooth                    │
│  • Relay Module (4ch)    • RGB LED + Buzzer                  │
├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│  MCAL Layer:                                                 │
│  • ADC  • UART  • Timers  • DIO  • EEPROM  • Interrupts     │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
         │                  │                     │
         │ ADC              │ Protection          │ Control
         │                  │                     │
┌────────▼──────────────────▼─────────────────────▼────────────┐
│                    POWER SYSTEM                              │
│  220V AC → Sensors → Measurement → 4× Relays → Loads        │
└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

---

✨ Features

🔬 Measurement & Monitoring

• Voltage Measurement: 0-250V AC with 0.1V resolution
• Current Measurement: 0-20A with 0.01A resolution using ACS712-20A
• Power Calculation: Real-time active power (W)
• Energy Logging: Cumulative consumption in kWh
• RMS Calculation: True RMS for AC signals
• Sampling Rate: 100 Hz (configurable)

🛡️ Protection Features

• Overcurrent Protection: Automatic cutoff at configurable threshold (default: 10A)
• Overvoltage Protection: Configurable limit (default: 250V)
• Overpower Protection: Maximum power limit
• Visual Alerts: RGB LED status indication
• Audio Alerts: Buzzer for critical events
• Manual Reset: Safety button for system restart

📱 Mobile Application (Flutter)

• Live Dashboard: Real-time energy metrics with animated gauges
• Historical Charts: Power consumption graphs
• Alert System: Push notifications for overload events
• Relay Control: Toggle individual loads remotely
• Energy Reset: Clear accumulated energy counter
• Bluetooth Connectivity: Direct device pairing (HC-05)
• Cross-Platform: Android & iOS support

🌐 Web Dashboard

• Professional UI: Modern, responsive design
• Dual Mode:
  • Local (Bluetooth via Web Serial API)
  • Remote (WiFi via WebSocket)
• Live Charts: Real-time power visualization
• Statistics: Uptime, average power, peak power, cost estimation
• 4× Relay Control: Independent channel control
• WiFi Provisioning: Configure ESP-01 credentials
• Calibration: Sensor calibration interface
• System Logs: Event logging and debugging

🔌 Load Control

• 4-Channel Relays: Independent control of 4 loads
• Automatic Cutoff: Protection-triggered disconnect
• Manual Override: User-controlled switching
• Runtime Tracking: Per-relay usage statistics
• Master Control: All-on / All-off commands

💾 Data Persistence

• EEPROM Storage: Configuration and calibration data
• Energy Counter: Persistent across power cycles
• Configuration Backup: Factory reset capability
• Calibration Factors: Stored voltage/current correction

---

🛠️ Hardware Components

Core Components

Component	Specification	Quantity
Microcontroller	ATmega32-16MHz	1
Current Sensor	ACS712-20A	1
Voltage Sensor	Resistive Divider (1MΩ/10kΩ)	1
Display	LCD 16×4 Character (I2C compatible)	1
Relay Module	5V 4-Channel Opto-isolated	1
Bluetooth Module	HC-05 (SPP profile)	1
WiFi Module	ESP-01 (ESP8266) Optional	1
Status LED	RGB Common Cathode	1
Alert Buzzer	5V Active Buzzer	1
Push Button	Reset/Mode Switch	2
Power Supply	220V AC → 5V DC 2A Regulated	1

Pin Mapping (ATmega32)

Function	Pin	Port	Note
Current Sensor (ACS712)	PA0	ADC0	Analog input
Voltage Divider	PA1	ADC1	Analog input
LCD Data D4-D7	PC0-PC3	PORTC	4-bit mode
LCD RS	PC4	PORTC	Register select
LCD EN	PC5	PORTC	Enable
Relay 1	PD4	PORTD	Active HIGH
Relay 2	PD5	PORTD	Active HIGH
Relay 3	PD6	PORTD	Active HIGH
Relay 4	PD7	PORTD	Active HIGH
RGB LED R	PB0	PORTB	PWM capable
RGB LED G	PB1	PORTB	PWM capable
RGB LED B	PB2	PORTB	PWM capable
Buzzer	PB3	PORTB	PWM for tones
Reset Button	PD2	PORTD	INT0 (External interrupt)
HC-05 TX	PD0	UART RX	Serial communication
HC-05 RX	PD1	UART TX	Serial communication

---

💻 Software Components

1. Embedded Firmware (C - AVR)

Architecture: Layered (MCAL → HAL → App)

MCAL Layer (Microcontroller Abstraction):

• ADC Driver (Asynchronous, Round-Robin)
• UART Driver (Interrupt-based)
• Timer0 (Scheduling)
• Timer1 (ADC Triggering)
• DIO (Digital I/O)
• EEPROM (Non-volatile storage)
• External Interrupts
• SPI, I2C (TWI)

HAL Layer (Hardware Abstraction):

• Current Sensor (ACS712)
• Voltage Sensor
• LCD Driver (16×4)
• HC-05 Bluetooth
• ESP-01 WiFi (optional)
• Relay Control
• RGB LED
• Buzzer
• Push Button

Application Layer:

• Measurement Engine: RMS calculation, power/energy computation
• Protection Manager: Threshold monitoring, safety cutoff
• Display Manager: LCD UI, menu system
• Communication Manager: Protocol handling (Bluetooth/WiFi)
• Energy Logger: EEPROM data logging
• Calibration Manager: Sensor calibration
• System Controller: Main state machine and coordinator

Protocol: Custom framed protocol

[0xAA][LENGTH][COMMAND][DATA...]

2. Mobile Application (Flutter/Dart)

Platform: Android & iOS (Flutter 3.x)

Key Packages:

• flutter_blue_plus: Bluetooth Low Energy
• fl_chart: Charts and graphs
• provider: State management
• shared_preferences: Local storage

Screens:

• Dashboard: Live metrics, gauges
• History: Power consumption charts
• Alerts: Event notifications
• Settings: Configuration, relay control

Communication:

• Bluetooth SPP (Classic Bluetooth via HC-05)
• Frame-based protocol
• Periodic data polling (1 Hz)

3. Web Dashboard (HTML/CSS/JavaScript)

Technologies:

• HTML5 + CSS3 (Modern responsive design)
• Vanilla JavaScript (ES6+)
• Chart.js (Real-time graphs)
• Socket.io (WebSocket for remote mode)
• Web Serial API (Chrome/Edge for local Bluetooth)

Modes:

• Local Mode: Direct serial connection via Web Serial API (Bluetooth)
• Remote Mode: WebSocket connection to IoT server (WiFi)

Features:

• Real-time monitoring dashboard
• Interactive relay controls
• Live power chart
• Statistics panel
• WiFi provisioning interface
• Calibration tools
• Event logging

4. IoT Server (Node.js)

Location: Dashboard/server/

Purpose: Bridge between ESP-01 (WiFi) and Web Dashboard

Functionality:

• TCP Server (Port 3001): Receives data from ESP-01
• HTTP/WebSocket Server (Port 3000): Serves Dashboard
• Bidirectional relay: Dashboard ↔ ESP-01

Dependencies:

• express: HTTP server
• socket.io: WebSocket communication
• net: TCP server

---

🚀 Getting Started

Prerequisites

For Embedded Development:

• AVR Toolchain (avr-gcc, avr-libc)
• Programmer (USBasp, Arduino as ISP)
• Proteus (for simulation) or physical hardware

For Mobile App:

• Flutter SDK (3.x or higher)
• Android Studio / Xcode
• Connected Android/iOS device

For Web Dashboard:

• Modern web browser (Chrome/Edge for Web Serial)
• Node.js 14+ (for remote mode server)

Installation

1. Embedded Firmware

# Clone repository
git clone <repository-url>
cd Smart_Energy_Management_System

# Compile firmware
cd <project-root>
make clean
make all

# Flash to ATmega32
make flash

2. Mobile Application

# Navigate to mobile app
cd mobile_app

# Get dependencies
flutter pub get

# Run on connected device
flutter run

# Build APK (Android)
flutter build apk

# Build iOS
flutter build ios

See mobile_app/FLUTTER_INSTALL.md for detailed setup.

3. Web Dashboard

Local Mode (Bluetooth):

cd Dashboard
open index.html  # Or use Live Server in VS Code

Remote Mode (WiFi):

# Install server dependencies
cd Dashboard/server
npm install

# Start IoT server
node index.js
# Server runs on http://localhost:3000

# Open dashboard
cd ..
open index.html

See Dashboard/README.md for full setup guide.

---

📁 Project Structure

Smart_Energy_Management_System/
├── 📂 App/                          # Application Layer
│   ├── CalibrationManager/
│   ├── CommunicationManager/
│   ├── DisplayManager/
│   ├── EnergyLogger/
│   ├── MeasurementEngine/
│   ├── ProtectionManager/
│   └── System_Controller/
├── 📂 Hal/                          # Hardware Abstraction Layer
│   ├── ACS712/
│   ├── VoltageSensor/
│   ├── LCD/
│   ├── HC05/
│   ├── ESP01/
│   ├── Relay/
│   ├── RGB_LED/
│   ├── Buzzer/
│   └── PushButton/
├── 📂 Mcal/                         # Microcontroller Abstraction Layer
│   ├── ADC/
│   ├── UART/
│   ├── Timer0/
│   ├── Timer1/
│   ├── DIO/
│   ├── EEPROM/
│   ├── EXTI/
│   ├── SPI/
│   ├── TWI/
│   └── GIE/
├── 📂 Common/                       # Shared utilities
│   ├── SystemDataManager/
│   └── Config/
├── 📂 Dashboard/                    # Web Dashboard
│   ├── index.html
│   ├── script.js
│   ├── style.css
│   ├── server/                      # IoT Server (Node.js)
│   │   ├── index.js
│   │   └── package.json
│   └── README.md
├── 📂 mobile_app/                   # Flutter Mobile App
│   ├── lib/
│   │   ├── screens/
│   │   ├── services/
│   │   ├── models/
│   │   ├── config/
│   │   └── main.dart
│   ├── android/
│   ├── ios/
│   ├── pubspec.yaml
│   └── README.md
├── 📂 Doc/                          # Documentation
│   ├── Embedded/
│   │   ├── Code_Analysis_ReportV2.md
│   │   ├── DashboardRequirementfromEmbedded.md
│   │   ├── MobileRequirementfromEmbedded.md
│   │   └── Training_Learning_Outcomes.md
│   ├── Dashboard/
│   ├── Mobile/
│   ├── Requirment/
│   └── Doxygen/                     # Generated API docs
├── 📂 Design/                       # Circuit diagrams, schematics
├── 📂 Tests/                        # Unit tests
├── main.c                           # Firmware entry point
├── Makefile
└── Readme.md                        # This file

---

👥 Development Team

Gestell Company - Embedded Training Program

Duration: 2 Months (8 Weekly Sprints)
Methodology: Agile/Scrum
Project Lead: Eng. Hesham Ahmed

Core Development Team

1. Mohamed Diaa - mohammediaato@gmail.com
   • Communication Manager, Timer Drivers
2. Ahmed Ashraf - ahmedashraf2022222@gmail.com
   • ADC Driver, UART, EEPROM
3. Mohamed Abdelgaber - mohamedabdelgaber247@gmail.com
   • DIO Driver, External Interrupts, TWI
4. Basma Khaled - basmak55@gmail.com
   • UART, SPI, Code Reviews
5. Ahmed Twap - ahmedtwap2@gmail.com
   • SPI Driver

Gestell Team

• Hesham Ahmed - (Lead)
• Alaa Emad - (Scrum Master)
• Aya Gamal - (Mobile App Developer)
• Hassan Elsayed - (Web Dashboard Developer)

---

📚 Documentation

Comprehensive documentation is available in the Doc/ directory:

Embedded System

• Code Analysis Report: Doc/Embedded/Code_Analysis_ReportV2.md

  • In-depth analysis of all MCAL, HAL, and App modules
  • Bug reports and optimization recommendations
  • Performance metrics and testing strategies

• Dashboard Integration Guide: Doc/Embedded/DashboardRequirementfromEmbedded.md

  • Protocol specifications for web dashboard
  • Required command implementations
  • Data format specifications

• Mobile Integration Guide: Doc/Embedded/MobileRequirementfromEmbedded.md

  • Mobile app communication protocol
  • Binary data format and byte ordering
  • Command reference

• Training Outcomes: Doc/Embedded/Training_Learning_Outcomes.md

  • Skills developed during training
  • Project milestones and achievements

API Documentation

• Doxygen HTML: Doc/Doxygen/html/index.html
  • Complete API reference for all embedded modules
  • Generated from inline code documentation

Application Guides

• Mobile App: mobile_app/README.md

  • Setup instructions
  • Build and deployment guide
  • Feature documentation

• Web Dashboard: Dashboard/README.md

  • Installation and configuration
  • Usage guide for both local and remote modes

---

🔧 Configuration

System Parameters (Embedded)

Located in Common/SystemDataManager/SystemDataManager.h:

#define DEFAULT_OVERVOLTAGE_LIMIT    250   // Volts
#define DEFAULT_OVERCURRENT_LIMIT    10    // Amperes
#define DEFAULT_VOLTAGE_CALIB        1000  // Calibration factor
#define DEFAULT_CURRENT_CALIB        1000  // Calibration factor

Communication Settings

Bluetooth (HC-05):

• Baud Rate: 9600
• Mode: Slave
• Name: "HC-05" (configurable)

Protocol:

• Frame Header: 0xAA
• Commands: See App/CommunicationManager/App_CommManager.h

---

🧪 Testing

Unit Tests

Located in Tests/ directory with Google Test framework.

Integration Tests

• Bluetooth connectivity test
• ADC calibration verification
• Protection threshold testing
• EEPROM read/write verification

System Tests

• 24-hour continuous operation test
• Overload protection simulation
• Energy accuracy verification
• Multi-client connectivity test

---

📊 Performance Metrics

• ADC Sampling: 100 Hz per channel (configurable)
• CPU Utilization: ~15% average
• Response Time: <100ms for commands
• Energy Accuracy: ±2% (after calibration)
• Voltage Accuracy: ±0.5V
• Current Accuracy: ±50mA

---

🐛 Known Issues & Limitations

Critical (Fixed in Latest Version)

• Timer1 duplicate ISR callback ✅ Fixed
• Frame parsing hardcoded length ✅ Fixed

Limitations

• Single-phase AC only (no 3-phase support)
• Maximum load: 20A per channel
• WiFi requires external ESP-01 module
• No power factor measurement (active power only)

---

🛣️ Roadmap

Future Enhancements

• Power factor measurement
• Harmonic analysis
• Cloud integration (AWS IoT, Azure IoT Hub)
• Machine learning for consumption prediction
• Mobile app for iOS
• RESTful API for third-party integrations
• OTA (Over-The-Air) firmware updates
• Multi-device support (gateway mode)

---

📄 License

Copyright © 2025 Gestell Company

This project is developed as part of Gestell's professional embedded training program.

Proprietary Software - All rights reserved.

For licensing inquiries, contact: Hisham4Ahmed@gmail.com

---

📞 Support & Contact

Technical Support: Hisham4Ahmed@gmail.com

Project Repository: https://github.com/Gestell-Solution/Smart_Energy_Management_System

LinkedIn Company Page: https://www.linkedin.com/company/gestell-company

---

🙏 Acknowledgments

• Gestell Company for providing resources and mentorship
• Development Team for their dedication and hard work
• Reviewers for ensuring code quality and best practices
• Open Source Community for tools and libraries used

---

Built with ❤️ by Gestell Team

Empowering the next generation of embedded systems engineers