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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>MMLU-Mobile Bench</title>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:wght@400;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.0.0-beta3/css/all.min.css">
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<script src="https://cdn.amcharts.com/lib/5/index.js"></script>
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<script src="https://cdn.amcharts.com/lib/5/themes/Animated.js"></script>
<script src="scripts.js" defer></script>
<!-- Massive Multitask -->
</head>
<body>
<header>
<h1>Mobile-MMLU</h1>
<p>A Mobile Intelligence Language Understanding Benchmark</p>
<!-- Author Block -->
<div class="author-section" style="margin-bottom: 10px;">
<span style="color:#ffffff; font-size: 13pt; font-family: Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, Helvetica Neue, sans-serif;">
<span class="author-block">
<a style="text-decoration: none;color:#fefefe;" target="_blank" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=m10_qBQAAAAJ&hl=en">Sondos Mahmoud Bsharat</a><sup>*</sup>,
<a style="text-decoration: none;color:#fefefe;" target="_blank" href="https://mukul54.github.io/"> Mukul Ranjan</a><sup>*</sup>,
<a style="text-decoration: none;color:#fefefe;" target="_blank" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=rwNhwfQAAAAJ&hl=en">Aidar Myrzakhan</a><sup>*</sup>,
<a style="text-decoration: none;color:#fefefe;" target="_blank" href="">Jiacheng Liu</a>,
<a style="text-decoration: none;color:#fefefe;" target="_blank" href="">Bowei Guo</a>,
<a style="text-decoration: none;color:#fefefe;" target="_blank" href="https://scholar.google.ca/citations?hl=en&newwindow=1&user=m7ZA6vIAAAAJ&view_op=list_works&sortby=pubdate">Shengkun Tang</a>, <br>
<a style="text-decoration: none;color:#fefefe;" target="_blank" href="https://liuzhuang13.github.io/">Zhuang Liu</a>,
<a style="text-decoration: none;color:#fefefe;" target="_blank" href="https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=aHtfItQAAAAJ&hl=en">Yuanzhi Li</a>,
<a style="text-decoration: none;color:#fefefe;" target="_blank" href="https://zhiqiangshen.com/">Zhiqiang Shen</a><sup>✝</sup>
</span>
<!-- Additional author links omitted for brevity -->
<br>
<span class="author-block">
<p class="contribution" style="margin: 5px 0; font-size: 11pt;color:#fefefe;">
<sup>*</sup>Co-first Author and Equal Contribution; <sup>✝</sup>Corresponding Author and Project Lead
</p>
</span>
<img src="images/vilab.PNG" width="19" height="15" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 5px;">
<span class="author-block">
<a style="text-decoration: none; color:#fefefe;" target="_blank" href="https://github.com/VILA-Lab">
<b>VILA Lab</b>
</a>
</span>,
<img src="images/mbz.PNG" width="20" height="15" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 5px;">
<span class="author-block">
<a style="text-decoration: none; color:#fefefe;" target="_blank" href="https://mbzuai.ac.ae/">
<b>Mohamed bin Zayed University of AI (MBZUAI)</b>
</a>
</span>,
<img src="images/Princeton_logo.png" width="14" height="17" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 5px;">
<span class="author-block">
<a style="text-decoration: none; color:#fefefe;" target="_blank" href="https://www.princeton.edu/">
<b>Princeton University</b>
</a>
</span>,
<img src="images/apple_logo.jpg" width="14" height="15" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 5px;">
<span class="author-block">
<a style="text-decoration: none; color:#fefefe;" target="_blank" href="https://www.apple.com/apple-intelligence/?&cid=wwa-us-kwgo-features-slid--AIBrand-AppleIntellligence-us_ai_102824-&mtid=20925e1t39169&aosid=p238&mnid=s5AMC7Pup-dc_mtid_20925e1t39169_pcrid_719155937936_pgrid_168674639212_pntwk_g_pchan__pexid__ptid_kwd-833708590225_">
<b>Apple</b>
</a>
</span>
</span>
</div>
<!-- Header Buttons -->
<div class="header-buttons">
<a href="https://huggingface.co/spaces/MBZUAI-LLM/Mobile-MMLU-Challenge"><i class="fa fa-chart-bar"></i> Leaderboard</a>
<a href="https://github.com/VILA-Lab/Mobile-MMLU" class="nav-link">
<img src="images/github-logo_icon-icons.com_73546.png" alt="GitHub Logo" class="logo-icon"> Github
</a>
<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.20786"><i class="fa fa-file-pdf"></i> arXiv</a>
<!--
<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.20786" class="nav-link">
<img src="images/arxiv-brand-logo-primary.jpg" alt="arxiv Logo" class="logo-icon"> arXiv
</a>
-->
<a href="mailto:zhiqiang.shen@mbzuai.ac.ae"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i> Contact</a>
</div>
</header>
<main class="content">
<!-- <section id="intro">
<h2>Welcome to Mobile-MMLU</h2>
<p style="font-size: 1.4em;">Your gateway to evaluating mobile-compatible Large Language Models (LLMs) across 80 diverse fields such as Education, Healthcare, and Technology. Mobile-MMLU is redefining mobile intelligence benchmark for a smarter future.</p>
<a href="#benchmark" class="cta-button">Explore Mobile-MMLU Benchmark</a>
</section> -->
<section id="intro" style="max-width: 1150px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 40px 20px; text-align: center;">
<h2>Welcome to Mobile-MMLU</h2>
<p style="font-size: 1.4em; max-width: 1100px; margin: 30px auto; line-height: 1.6; color: #333;">
Questions asked on mobile devices often differ from those on computers. For instance, users might ask <i>how to cook a dish</i> with a phone in a kitchen, whereas <i>queries about web programming</i> are much more likely to be asked on computers. <br><br>
Across <b>80 diverse fields</b> (Health, Technology, etc.) and with more than <b>16,000 questions</b>, <span class="highlight">Mobile-MMLU</span> evaluates LLM's capabilities in practical mobile scenarios, from basic life skills to complex problem-solving.
<!--
We collect a benchmark dataset for mobile scenarios and devices. The types of questions people typically ask on mobile devices often differ from those on computers. For instance, on mobile phones, users might ask how to cook a particular dish, whereas queries about creating a website are much less common. <br><br>
This benchmark can be used to evaluate mobile-centric Large Language Models (LLMs) across <span class="highlight">80 diverse fields</span> spanning Education, Healthcare, Technology, and daily life skills. With more than 16,000 questions, Mobile-MMLU is reflecting how we assess AI's capabilities in practical mobile scenarios, from basic life skills to complex problem-solving.
-->
</p>
<div style="margin-top: 40px;">
<a href="#benchmark" class="cta-button">Explore Mobile-MMLU Benchmark</a>
</div>
</section>
<!-- <section id="intro" style="
max-width: 1150px;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 40px 20px;
text-align: center;
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border-radius: 20px;
position: relative;
overflow: hidden;">
<div style="
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
background-image: radial-gradient(circle at 20% 20%, rgba(106, 27, 154, 0.05) 0%, transparent 50%),
radial-gradient(circle at 80% 80%, rgba(100, 181, 246, 0.05) 0%, transparent 50%);
pointer-events: none;
"></div>
<div style="
position: absolute;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
opacity: 0.4;
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rgba(106, 27, 154, 0.03) 0px,
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transparent 1px,
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pointer-events: none;
"></div>
<h2 style="position: relative; margin-bottom: 30px;">Welcome to Mobile-MMLU</h2>
<p style="
font-size: 1.4em;
max-width: 1000px;
margin: 30px auto;
line-height: 1.6;
color: #333;
position: relative;
background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
padding: 20px;
border-radius: 12px;
box-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);">
Your gateway to evaluating mobile-compatible Large Language Models (LLMs) across <span class="highlight">80 diverse fields</span> spanning Education, Healthcare, Technology, and daily life skills. With <span class="highlight">16,186 questions</span>, Mobile-MMLU is redefining how we assess AI's capabilities in practical mobile scenarios, from basic life skills to complex problem-solving.
</p>
<div style="margin-top: 40px; position: relative;">
<a href="#benchmark" class="cta-button" style="box-shadow: 0 4px 15px rgba(100, 181, 246, 0.3);">Explore Mobile-MMLU Benchmark</a>
</div>
</section> -->
<div class="feature-section">
<div class="feature">
<h3 style="margin-top:0;">Motivation</h3>
<!-- Tabs for Navigation -->
<div class="tabs-container">
<div class="tabs">
<button class="tab-button active" onclick="showTab('importance')">Importance of Mobile Intelligence</button>
<button class="tab-button" onclick="showTab('benchmark')">Why Mobile-Centric Benchmarks Matter</button>
</div>
</div>
<!-- Tab Content -->
<div id="importance" class="tab-content active">
<p style="font-size: 1.2em;">
<strong>Why <span class="highlight">Apple Intelligence</span> and <span class="highlight">Mobile Intelligence</span> Are Important for LLMs on Mobile Devices?</strong>
</p>
<div class="methodology-feature" id="motivation">
<ol class="methodology-list">
<li class="list-item">
<div class="list-title">
<i class="fa fa-mobile-alt" ></i> <strong>On-Device Efficiency:</strong>
</div>
<p>Mobile devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and wearables, have limited computational resources compared to high-end servers. <span class="highlight">Apple Intelligence</span> and other mobile-focused AI frameworks prioritize optimization techniques to run small-scale large language models (LLMs) directly and efficiently on these constrained environments. Techniques like model compression, quantization, and efficient architectures (e.g., linear complexity models) are crucial for enabling LLMs to perform effectively on mobile devices. However, these models have limited capabilities.</p>
</li>
<li class="list-item">
<div class="list-title">
<i class="fa fa-shield-alt"></i> <strong>Personalization and Privacy:</strong>
</div>
<p>On-device LLMs can process user data locally without sending sensitive information to cloud servers. This ensures better privacy and security, a feature that aligns with Apple’s emphasis on user-centric privacy through its <span class="highlight">Apple Intelligence</span> ecosystem. <span class="highlight">Mobile Intelligence</span> allows models to adapt to user preferences, habits, and behaviors in real-time while safeguarding data.</p>
</li>
<!--
<li class="list-item">
<div class="list-title">
<i class="fa fa-bolt"></i> <strong>Low Latency:</strong>
</div>
<p>Running LLMs directly on <span class="highlight">mobile devices</span> eliminates the need for constant internet connectivity and reduces reliance on cloud infrastructure. This enables real-time responses and faster performance, which are critical for applications such as voice assistants, augmented reality, and on-device content generation.</p>
</li>
-->
<li class="list-item">
<div class="list-title">
<i class="fa fa-globe"></i> <strong>Accessibility and Ubiquity:</strong>
</div>
<p><span class="highlight">Mobile devices</span> are used globally and form a significant part of everyday life. Integrating LLMs into mobile platforms broadens their accessibility, enabling users in low-bandwidth regions or offline environments to experience the benefits of AI seamlessly. <span class="highlight">Apple Intelligence</span> exemplifies how optimized LLMs can democratize advanced capabilities for mainstream users.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<div id="benchmark" class="tab-content">
<p style="font-size: 1.27em;">
<strong>Why a <span class="highlight">Mobile LLM Benchmark</span> Is Necessary to Identify Good Mobile LLMs?</strong>
</p>
<div class="methodology-feature" id="motivation">
<ol class="methodology-list">
<li class="list-item">
<div class="list-title">
<i class="fa fa-chart-line"></i> <strong>Performance Evaluation in Mobile-Centric Settings:</strong>
</div>
<p>A dedicated <span class="highlight">mobile LLM benchmark</span> is essential to evaluate models under the real-world limitations of mobile devices, such as limited memory, energy constraints, and computational power. Traditional benchmarks often target cloud-based models without accounting for these restrictions.</p>
</li>
<li class="list-item">
<div class="list-title">
<i class="fa fa-balance-scale"></i> <strong>Comparing Mobile Model:</strong>
</div>
<p>A mobile-centric benchmark allows researchers and developers to compare different mobile LLM architectures, optimizations, and compression techniques fairly. Without such benchmarks, it is challenging to assess which models are suitable for <span class="highlight">mobile deployment</span>.</p>
</li>
<li class="list-item">
<div class="list-title">
<i class="fa fa-lightbulb"></i> <strong>Identifying Mobile Use-Specific Solutions:</strong>
</div>
<p>Mobile devices are integral to daily life, and integrating LLMs allows for personalized, real-time experiences such as smarter virtual assistants, contextual recommendations, and language understanding for apps. <span class="highlight">Apple Intelligence</span>, for example, enables LLMs to adapt to user behaviors, provide tailored responses, and improve applications like Siri, search, and messaging.</p>
</li>
<!--
<li class="list-item">
<div class="list-title">
<i class="fa fa-cogs"></i> <strong>Driving Innovation:</strong>
</div>
<p>A benchmark provides clear goals for researchers and companies to innovate further. By setting performance, efficiency, and latency baselines, it encourages the development of new algorithms, architectures, and optimization strategies tailored to <span class="highlight">mobile platforms.</span></p>
</li>
<li class="list-item">
<div class="list-title">
<i class="fa fa-sliders-h"></i> <strong>Accuracy vs. Efficiency Trade-off:</strong>
</div>
<p>Mobile LLMs require a balance between accuracy and resource efficiency. Benchmarks can identify the best-performing models that achieve high accuracy while maintaining fast inference times and low energy consumption on mobile hardware.</p>
-->
</li>
<li class="list-item">
<div class="list-title">
<i class="fa fa-smile"></i> <strong>Improving End-User Experience:</strong>
</div>
<p>Ultimately, a mobile LLM benchmark helps identify models that deliver the best user experience on mobile devices. This includes fluid interactions, responsiveness, and minimal battery drain, making LLM-powered features practical and usable on a large scale.</p>
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="feature">
<h3>Benchmark Overview</h3>
<p style="font-size: 1.27em;">
Our dataset encompasses <span class="highlight">80 fields</span>, featuring a total of <span class="highlight">16,186 questions</span>, including <span class="highlight">scenario-based</span> questions. Below is a subset of 6 fields showcasing the diversity of question types.
</p>
<!-- Horizontal Fields Layout -->
<div class="fields-horizontal" id="examples">
<!-- Field 2: Nutrition -->
<div class="field-card">
<h4>Ergonomics</h4>
<div class="question-block original">
<p><strong>Question:</strong>What is the best way to hold a smartphone to reduce strain?</p>
<button class="toggle-btn">Show Options</button>
<div class="details hidden">
<ol>
<li>a) Hold the smartphone at <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">waist level</span>, which causes significant neck strain, with a relaxed grip to reduce strain while maintaining a <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">comfortable posture</span>
.(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">misleading claim</span>)
</li>
<li>b) Hold the smartphone <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">slightly above eye level</span>, which is uncomfortable, with a <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">firm grip</span>
.(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">causes wrist strain</span>)
</li>
<li>c) Hold the smartphone at <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">chest level</span>, which still requires neck tilting, with a relaxed grip to <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">minimize strain</span>
.(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">not fully accurate</span>)
</li>
<li class="correct">d) Hold the smartphone at <span style="color: green; font-weight: bold;">eye level</span> with a relaxed grip to reduce strain.</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<!-- <div class="question-block original">
<p><strong>Question:</strong> After installing a new dishwasher, I find that dishes aren't cleaning properly, and the appliance occasionally leaks. I've confirmed proper installation. What other issues should I consider?</p>
<button class="toggle-btn">Show Details</button>
<div class="details hidden">
<ol>
<li>Ensure the dishwasher is not overloaded.</li>
<li>Check that spray arms aren't clogged or misaligned.</li>
<li>Inspect the water inlet valve and ensure proper water pressure.</li>
<li>Verify detergent compatibility and dispenser functionality.</li>
<li>Examine the door seal for damage or debris.</li>
<li>Inspect drain connections for leaks or blockages.</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div> -->
</div>
<!-- Field 1: Cooking -->
<div class="field-card">
<h4>Cooking and Recipes</h4>
<div class="question-block original">
<p><strong>Question:</strong> How do I plan meals for someone with gluten intolerance?</p>
<button class="toggle-btn">Show Options</button>
<div class="details hidden">
<ol>
<li>a) Plan meals by selecting naturally <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">lactose-free</span> foods such as citrus fruits, leafy vegetables, lean poultry, seafood,
non-dairy milk alternatives like almond and soy milk, and <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">gluten-free grains</span> like barley, oats, and millet.
(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">Focuses on lactose-free instead of gluten-free</span>).
</li>
<li>b) Plan meals by selecting naturally <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">gluten-free</span> foods such as apples, carrots, white meats, freshwater fish, dairy-free yogurts,
and gluten-free grains like <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">wheat, rye</span>, and amaranth.
(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">Wheat and rye are not gluten-free</span>).
</li>
<li class="correct">c) Plan meals by selecting naturally gluten-free foods such as fruits, vegetables, lean meats, fish, dairy, and gluten-free grains like rice, quinoa, and corn.
Read labels carefully to avoid gluten-containing ingredients and consider certified gluten-free products.
</li>
<li>d) Plan meals by selecting naturally gluten-free foods like tropical fruits, root vegetables, red meats, shellfish, plant-based dairy alternatives, and gluten-free grains
like <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">bulgur, spelt</span>, and sorghum.
(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">Bulgur and spelt are not gluten-free</span>).
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<!-- <div class="question-block hard">
<h5>Hard</h5>
<p><strong>Question:</strong> I have leftover cooked polenta that's hardened in the fridge; how can I transform it into a new, appetizing dish?</p>
<ol>
<li>a)To repurpose leftover hardened polenta into a delicious dish, consider mashing it and forming it into balls for baking. Start by mashing the polenta
until smooth, adding a bit of milk if necessary to achieve the right consistency. Form the mixture into small balls and place them on a baking tray
lined with parchment paper. Bake in a preheated oven at 375°F for about 15-20 minutes, turning halfway through, until they are firm and lightly browned.
Serve the baked polenta balls with a tangy salsa or as part of a breakfast platter with eggs and bacon
(Incorrect)</li>
<li>b) A unique approach to revamp leftover hardened polenta is by slicing it into fingers and grilling them. Slice the polenta into 1/2-inch thick fingers.
Preheat a grill to medium-high heat and lightly oil the grates. Place the polenta fingers on the grill and cook them for about 3-4 minutes on each side
until they have grill marks and are heated through. Serve the grilled polenta fingers with a drizzle of balsamic reduction or alongside a fresh salad.
Alternatively, you can crumble the grilled polenta over a soup for an added crunchy texture. (Incorrect)</li>
<li class="correct" >c)One creative method to transform leftover hardened polenta into a new dish is by cutting it into cubes
and deep-frying them. Begin by slicing the polenta into 1/2-inch thick cubes. Heat a substantial amount
of vegetable oil in a deep fryer or pot over high heat. Once the oil is hot, add the polenta cubes and cook
them for about 5-6 minutes until they are golden brown and have a crunchy exterior. Serve the fried polenta
cubes with a dip of your choice, such as spicy aioli or a creamy yogurt-based sauce, or as an
appetizer for a party. Alternatively, you can grill the cubes on a barbecue for a smoky flavor.(Answer)</li>
<li>d)One creative method to transform leftover hardened polenta into a new dish is by cutting it into cubes and deep-frying them. Begin by
slicing the polenta into 1/2-inch thick cubes. Heat a substantial amount of vegetable oil in a deep fryer or pot over high heat. Once the oil is hot,
add the polenta cubes and cook them for about 5-6 minutes until they are golden brown and have a crunchy exterior. Serve the fried polenta cubes with a
dip of your choice, such as spicy aioli or a creamy yogurt-based sauce, or as an appetizer for a party. Alternatively, you can grill the cubes on a
barbecue for a smoky flavor.
(Incorrect)</li>
</ol>
</div> -->
</div>
<!-- Field 1: Cooking -->
<div class="field-card">
<h4>First Aid</h4>
<div class="question-block original">
<p><strong>Question:</strong>Someone is bleeding profusely from their leg after an accident; I applied pressure but it's not stopping; should I use a tourniquet, and how?</p>
<button class="toggle-btn">Show Options</button>
<div class="details hidden">
<ol>
<li>a) Yes, in cases of excessive bleeding that does not cease with direct pressure, employing a tourniquet could be an option to manage the bleeding risk. To use a tourniquet, position it <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">below the bleeding site</span>, ideally 2-3 inches below the wound but avoiding placement on joints like the shoulder or wrist. Ensure it is tightened until bleeding is significantly reduced and it is secured properly. Document the exact time of application as this timing is important for healthcare workers to understand how long it has been used. A tourniquet is meant for use in dire, life-endangering situations, and it is imperative to get professional medical aid as soon as achievable.
(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">Tourniquets must be placed above the wound, not below</span>).
</li>
<li>b) Yes, when facing severe blood loss that cannot be controlled with direct pressure, using a tourniquet might be an effective method to slow down the bleeding. To deploy a tourniquet, place it <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">below the site of the bleeding injury</span>, ideally 2-3 inches away from the wound but not over a joint such as an ankle or wrist. Tighten the device so the bleeding slows significantly and make sure it is fastened securely. It is crucial to record the time the tourniquet was applied, as medical personnel need to be aware of the duration it has been applied. Only use a tourniquet in critical emergencies, and ensure to seek professional medical assistance without delay.
(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">Bleeding must be stopped entirely, and placement should be above the wound</span>).
</li>
<li>c) Yes, in situations where there is major bleeding that does not stop despite applying direct pressure, applying a tourniquet might be considered a method to attempt controlling the bleeding. To use a tourniquet, place it <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">directly on the site of the bleeding</span>, ideally wrapping it tightly around the wound itself. Avoid placing it on joints such as the knee or elbow, and secure it firmly. Remember to note the exact time when the tourniquet was applied, as medical staff will need this information to assess the duration it has been in place. A tourniquet should only be employed in critical, life-threatening situations, and it is crucial to contact medical professionals immediately for further assistance.
(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">Tourniquets should never be placed on the wound; they must go above the site</span>).
</li>
<li class="correct">d) Yes, in situations where there is severe bleeding that does not stop with direct pressure, applying a tourniquet can be an effective method to control the bleeding. To use a tourniquet, place it <span style="color: green; font-weight: bold;">above the site of the bleeding</span>, ideally 2-3 inches above the wound but not on a joint like the knee or elbow. Tighten it until the bleeding stops and secure it in place. Note the time the tourniquet was applied, as it is important for medical personnel to know how long it has been in place. A tourniquet should only be used in life-threatening situations, and professional medical help should be sought as soon as possible.
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<!-- <div class="question-block hard">
<h5>Hard</h5>
<p><strong>Question:</strong> What is the most effective way to develop a balanced gluten-free meal plan?</p>
<ol>
<li>a) Eliminate all grains entirely. (Incorrect)</li>
<li>b) Include nutrient-rich gluten-free grains and vegetables. (Answer)</li>
<li>c) Focus only on pre-packaged gluten-free products. (Incorrect)</li>
</ol>
</div> -->
</div>
<!-- Field 1: Cooking -->
<div class="field-card">
<h4>Basic life skills</h4>
<div class="question-block original">
<p><strong>Question:</strong>What is the best way to store spices?<br>
</p>
<button class="toggle-btn">Show Options</button>
<div class="details hidden">
<ol>
<li>a) The best way to store spices is in <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">loosely sealed containers</span> in a cool, dark area with some airflow.
(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">Loosely sealed containers allow air exposure, reducing freshness</span>).
</li>
<li class="correct">b) The best way to store spices is in <span style="color: green; font-weight: bold;">airtight containers</span> in a cool, dark place.
</li>
<li>c) The best way to store spices is in <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">breathable bags</span> in a cool, illuminated place to maintain freshness.
(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">Breathable bags and illumination cause loss of flavor and potency</span>).
</li>
<li>d) The best way to store spices is in <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">airtight containers on a bright, warm shelf</span> to enhance their shelf life.
(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">Heat and light degrade spices quickly</span>).
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<!-- <div class="question-block hard">
<h5>Hard</h5>
<p><strong>Question:</strong>At work, I can't concentrate and make careless mistakes, and I've lost interest in hobbies I used to enjoy; could stress be causing this, or might it be a sign of a mental health condition, and what strategies can help me improve my focus and motivation?</p>
<ol>
<li class="correct" >a)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to stress, but they may also indicate a mental health condition, such as depression or anxiety. Stress can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as it affects the brain's ability to function optimally. Similarly, depression and anxiety can manifest in similar ways, impacting mood and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with a healthcare professional to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing mindfulness or meditation, ensuring adequate sleep, maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and possibly engaging in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
<li>b)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to physical exhaustion, but they may also indicate a dietary deficiency, such as low iron or vitamin D levels. Physical exhaustion can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as it affects the body's ability to function optimally. Similarly, dietary deficiencies can manifest in similar ways, impacting energy levels and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with a nutritionist to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing deep breathing exercises or yoga, ensuring adequate hydration, maintaining a varied diet, incorporating relaxation techniques regularly, and possibly engaging in nutritional therapy. Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
<li>c)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to dehydration, but they may also indicate an endocrine disorder, such as hypothyroidism or diabetes. Dehydration can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as it affects the body's ability to function optimally. Similarly, endocrine disorders can manifest in similar ways, impacting energy levels and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with an endocrinologist to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing hydration habits or adjusting fluid intake, ensuring regular medical check-ups, maintaining a controlled diet, engaging in specific physical activities, and possibly considering hormonal therapy. Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
<li>D)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to environmental factors, but they may also indicate a neurological condition, such as ADHD or early-onset dementia. Environmental factors can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as they affect an individual's ability to function optimally. Similarly, neurological conditions can manifest in similar ways, impacting cognitive processes and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with a neurologist to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing time management skills or organizational techniques, ensuring regular social interaction, maintaining a stimulating environment, engaging in brain training exercises, and possibly considering medication. Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
</ol>
</div> -->
</div>
<!-- Field 1: Cooking -->
<div class="field-card">
<h4>Nutrition and Diet</h4>
<div class="question-block original">
<p><strong>Question:</strong>How can I reduce my intake of processed foods?
</p>
<button class="toggle-btn">Show Options</button>
<div class="details hidden">
<ol>
<li class="correct">a) Plan your meals and cook at home using <span style="color: green; font-weight: bold;">fresh ingredients</span> to avoid processed foods.
</li>
<li>b) Develop a meal plan and dine at home using <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">pre-packaged ingredients</span> to reduce your consumption of processed foods, aiming for healthier meal choices.
(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">Pre-packaged ingredients are often processed and do not significantly reduce intake</span>).
</li>
<li>c) Organize your meal times and cook at home with <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">canned ingredients</span> to limit your intake of processed foods, focusing on minimizing processed elements.
(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">Canned ingredients are usually processed and may contain preservatives</span>).
</li>
<li>d) Schedule your meals and prepare them at home using <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">frozen ingredients</span> to decrease your consumption of processed foods, ensuring you stick to natural options.
(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">Frozen ingredients may still be processed, particularly if pre-seasoned or pre-packaged</span>).
</li>
</div>
</div>
<!-- <div class="question-block hard">
<h5>Hard</h5>
<p><strong>Question:</strong>At work, I can't concentrate and make careless mistakes, and I've lost interest in hobbies I used to enjoy; could stress be causing this, or might it be a sign of a mental health condition, and what strategies can help me improve my focus and motivation?</p>
<ol>
<li class="correct" >a)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to stress, but they may also indicate a mental health condition, such as depression or anxiety. Stress can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as it affects the brain's ability to function optimally. Similarly, depression and anxiety can manifest in similar ways, impacting mood and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with a healthcare professional to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing mindfulness or meditation, ensuring adequate sleep, maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and possibly engaging in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
<li>b)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to physical exhaustion, but they may also indicate a dietary deficiency, such as low iron or vitamin D levels. Physical exhaustion can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as it affects the body's ability to function optimally. Similarly, dietary deficiencies can manifest in similar ways, impacting energy levels and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with a nutritionist to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing deep breathing exercises or yoga, ensuring adequate hydration, maintaining a varied diet, incorporating relaxation techniques regularly, and possibly engaging in nutritional therapy. Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
<li>c)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to dehydration, but they may also indicate an endocrine disorder, such as hypothyroidism or diabetes. Dehydration can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as it affects the body's ability to function optimally. Similarly, endocrine disorders can manifest in similar ways, impacting energy levels and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with an endocrinologist to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing hydration habits or adjusting fluid intake, ensuring regular medical check-ups, maintaining a controlled diet, engaging in specific physical activities, and possibly considering hormonal therapy. Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
<li>D)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to environmental factors, but they may also indicate a neurological condition, such as ADHD or early-onset dementia. Environmental factors can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as they affect an individual's ability to function optimally. Similarly, neurological conditions can manifest in similar ways, impacting cognitive processes and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with a neurologist to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing time management skills or organizational techniques, ensuring regular social interaction, maintaining a stimulating environment, engaging in brain training exercises, and possibly considering medication. Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
</ol>
</div> -->
</div>
<!-- Field 1: Cooking -->
<div class="field-card">
<h4>Culture</h4>
<div class="question-block original">
<p><strong>Question:</strong>What is the importance of the Maori facial tattoo, known as Ta Moko?
</p>
<button class="toggle-btn">Show Options</button>
<div class="details hidden">
<ol>
<li>a) Ta Moko signifies an individual's <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">family heritage</span>, <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">economic status</span>, and spiritual beliefs within the Maori community, providing a deep connection to their ancestral traditions.
(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">Emphasizes economic status and spiritual beliefs, which are less central to Ta Moko's meaning</span>).
</li>
<li>b) Ta Moko denotes a person's <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">professional accomplishments</span> and <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">cultural affiliations</span> within the Maori society, symbolizing their journey and social identity.
(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">Professional accomplishments and cultural affiliations are not key elements</span>).
</li>
<li>c) Ta Moko illustrates a person's <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">genealogical background</span>, <span style="color: red; font-weight: bold;">educational status</span>, and personal milestones in the Maori tradition, reflecting their societal role and life experiences.
(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">Educational status and milestones are not traditionally reflected in Ta Moko</span>).
</li>
<li class="correct">d) Ta Moko represents a person's <span style="color: green; font-weight: bold;">lineage</span>, <span style="color: green; font-weight: bold;">social status</span>, and <span style="color: green; font-weight: bold;">personal achievements</span> within the Maori culture.
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<!-- <div class="question-block hard">
<h5>Hard</h5>
<p><strong>Question:</strong>At work, I can't concentrate and make careless mistakes, and I've lost interest in hobbies I used to enjoy; could stress be causing this, or might it be a sign of a mental health condition, and what strategies can help me improve my focus and motivation?</p>
<ol>
<li class="correct" >a)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to stress, but they may also indicate a mental health condition, such as depression or anxiety. Stress can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as it affects the brain's ability to function optimally. Similarly, depression and anxiety can manifest in similar ways, impacting mood and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with a healthcare professional to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing mindfulness or meditation, ensuring adequate sleep, maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and possibly engaging in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
<li>b)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to physical exhaustion, but they may also indicate a dietary deficiency, such as low iron or vitamin D levels. Physical exhaustion can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as it affects the body's ability to function optimally. Similarly, dietary deficiencies can manifest in similar ways, impacting energy levels and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with a nutritionist to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing deep breathing exercises or yoga, ensuring adequate hydration, maintaining a varied diet, incorporating relaxation techniques regularly, and possibly engaging in nutritional therapy. Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
<li>c)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to dehydration, but they may also indicate an endocrine disorder, such as hypothyroidism or diabetes. Dehydration can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as it affects the body's ability to function optimally. Similarly, endocrine disorders can manifest in similar ways, impacting energy levels and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with an endocrinologist to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing hydration habits or adjusting fluid intake, ensuring regular medical check-ups, maintaining a controlled diet, engaging in specific physical activities, and possibly considering hormonal therapy. Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
<li>D)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to environmental factors, but they may also indicate a neurological condition, such as ADHD or early-onset dementia. Environmental factors can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as they affect an individual's ability to function optimally. Similarly, neurological conditions can manifest in similar ways, impacting cognitive processes and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with a neurologist to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing time management skills or organizational techniques, ensuring regular social interaction, maintaining a stimulating environment, engaging in brain training exercises, and possibly considering medication. Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
</ol>
</div> -->
</div>
<!-- Field 1: Cooking -->
<div class="field-card">
<h4>Mental Health</h4>
<div class="question-block">
<p><strong>Question:</strong>How can I manage anticipatory anxiety?<br>
(1) Participating in cognitive behavioral therapy and utilizing visualization techniques are useful strategies to manage anticipatory anxiety, offering long-term benefits.
(2) Engaging in deep breathing exercises and regular yoga sessions can effectively manage anticipatory anxiety by promoting a sense of calm.
(3) Developing a routine of physical exercise and adopting a balanced diet can help manage anticipatory anxiety by improving overall mental well-being.
(4) Practicing mindfulness and relaxation techniques can help manage anticipatory anxiety.
<br>
Which of the statements given above are correct?
</p>
<button class="toggle-btn">Show Options</button>
<div class="details hidden">
<ol>
<li>a) (1) and (2)</li>
<li class="correct">b) (1), (2), (3) and (4)</li>
<li>c) (1), (2) and (4)</li>
<li>d) (2) only</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<!-- <div class="question-block hard">
<h5>Hard</h5>
<p><strong>Question:</strong>At work, I can't concentrate and make careless mistakes, and I've lost interest in hobbies I used to enjoy; could stress be causing this, or might it be a sign of a mental health condition, and what strategies can help me improve my focus and motivation?</p>
<ol>
<li class="correct" >a)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to stress, but they may also indicate a mental health condition, such as depression or anxiety. Stress can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as it affects the brain's ability to function optimally. Similarly, depression and anxiety can manifest in similar ways, impacting mood and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with a healthcare professional to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing mindfulness or meditation, ensuring adequate sleep, maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and possibly engaging in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
<li>b)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to physical exhaustion, but they may also indicate a dietary deficiency, such as low iron or vitamin D levels. Physical exhaustion can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as it affects the body's ability to function optimally. Similarly, dietary deficiencies can manifest in similar ways, impacting energy levels and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with a nutritionist to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing deep breathing exercises or yoga, ensuring adequate hydration, maintaining a varied diet, incorporating relaxation techniques regularly, and possibly engaging in nutritional therapy. Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
<li>c)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to dehydration, but they may also indicate an endocrine disorder, such as hypothyroidism or diabetes. Dehydration can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as it affects the body's ability to function optimally. Similarly, endocrine disorders can manifest in similar ways, impacting energy levels and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with an endocrinologist to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing hydration habits or adjusting fluid intake, ensuring regular medical check-ups, maintaining a controlled diet, engaging in specific physical activities, and possibly considering hormonal therapy. Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
<li>D)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to environmental factors, but they may also indicate a neurological condition, such as ADHD or early-onset dementia. Environmental factors can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as they affect an individual's ability to function optimally. Similarly, neurological conditions can manifest in similar ways, impacting cognitive processes and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with a neurologist to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing time management skills or organizational techniques, ensuring regular social interaction, maintaining a stimulating environment, engaging in brain training exercises, and possibly considering medication. Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
</ol>
</div> -->
</div>
<!-- Field 1: Cooking -->
<div class="field-card">
<h4>Home maintenance</h4>
<div class="question-block original">
<p><strong>Question:</strong>What should I check if my washing machine is making loud banging noises during the spin cycle?<br>
(1) Ensure the washing machine is on a stable and flat surface, make sure the load is distributed evenly inside the drum, inspect the drum for any objects that might have been left behind, and check for worn or damaged drum bearings or suspension springs.
(2) Check if the washing machine is balanced and level, ensure the load is evenly distributed, inspect the drum for foreign objects, and check for worn or damaged shock absorbers or suspension rods.
(3) Check if the washing machine is correctly balanced and perfectly aligned, ensure the laundry load is properly distributed across the drum, inspect the inner drum for any foreign materials, and check for worn or damaged springs or suspension belts.
(4) Verify that the washing machine is level and not tilted, confirm that the laundry is evenly spread within the drum, thoroughly inspect the drum for any foreign objects, and check for worn or damaged vibration dampers or suspension springs.
<br>
Which of the statements given above are correct?
</p>
<button class="toggle-btn">Show Options</button>
<div class="details hidden">
<ol>
<li>a) (2) and (4)
(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">Excludes (1), which is also a valid check</span>).
</li>
<li class="correct">b) (1), (2) and (4)
(<span style="color: green; font-style: italic;">Includes all valid checks: balance, load distribution, foreign objects, and suspension issues</span>).
</li>
<li>c) (1) only
(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">Excludes (2) and (4), which are also important checks</span>).
</li>
<li>d) (2), (3) and (4)
(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">Includes (3), which mentions "perfect alignment" and "suspension belts," not standard checks</span>).
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<!-- <div class="question-block hard">
<h5>Hard</h5>
<p><strong>Question:</strong>At work, I can't concentrate and make careless mistakes, and I've lost interest in hobbies I used to enjoy; could stress be causing this, or might it be a sign of a mental health condition, and what strategies can help me improve my focus and motivation?</p>
<ol>
<li class="correct" >a)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to stress, but they may also indicate a mental health condition, such as depression or anxiety. Stress can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as it affects the brain's ability to function optimally. Similarly, depression and anxiety can manifest in similar ways, impacting mood and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with a healthcare professional to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing mindfulness or meditation, ensuring adequate sleep, maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and possibly engaging in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
<li>b)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to physical exhaustion, but they may also indicate a dietary deficiency, such as low iron or vitamin D levels. Physical exhaustion can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as it affects the body's ability to function optimally. Similarly, dietary deficiencies can manifest in similar ways, impacting energy levels and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with a nutritionist to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing deep breathing exercises or yoga, ensuring adequate hydration, maintaining a varied diet, incorporating relaxation techniques regularly, and possibly engaging in nutritional therapy. Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
<li>c)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to dehydration, but they may also indicate an endocrine disorder, such as hypothyroidism or diabetes. Dehydration can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as it affects the body's ability to function optimally. Similarly, endocrine disorders can manifest in similar ways, impacting energy levels and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with an endocrinologist to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing hydration habits or adjusting fluid intake, ensuring regular medical check-ups, maintaining a controlled diet, engaging in specific physical activities, and possibly considering hormonal therapy. Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
<li>D)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to environmental factors, but they may also indicate a neurological condition, such as ADHD or early-onset dementia. Environmental factors can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as they affect an individual's ability to function optimally. Similarly, neurological conditions can manifest in similar ways, impacting cognitive processes and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with a neurologist to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing time management skills or organizational techniques, ensuring regular social interaction, maintaining a stimulating environment, engaging in brain training exercises, and possibly considering medication. Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
</ol>
</div> -->
</div>
<!-- Field 1: Cooking -->
<div class="field-card">
<h4>Travel Planning</h4>
<div class="question-block original">
<p><strong>Question:</strong>I'm planning a trip from New York to Tokyo, departing on December 20th and returning on January 5th. Considering the time difference and international date line, what dates and times will my flights actually be, and how can I minimize jet lag?<br>
(1) When traveling from New York to Tokyo, you should consider the time difference and crossing the International Date Line. New York is typically 16 hours behind Tokyo. If your flight from New York leaves on December 20th, you will likely arrive in Tokyo on December 20th, because the flight duration is approximately 13 hours non-stop. On your return trip, if you leave Tokyo on January 5th, you'll arrive back in New York on January 4th, because you gain a day crossing the International Date Line eastward. To minimize jet lag, adjust your sleep schedule a few days before departure to match Tokyo time, stay hydrated during the flight, avoid alcohol and caffeine, and get plenty of rest upon arrival. Adapt gradually to the local time zone once you arrive.
(2) When traveling from New York to Tokyo, you must consider the time difference and the crossing of the International Date Line. New York is generally 18 hours behind Tokyo. If your flight from New York departs on December 20th, you will likely arrive in Tokyo on December 23rd, due to the time difference and a flight duration of approximately 14 hours non-stop. On your return journey, if you depart Tokyo on January 5th, you'll arrive back in New York on January 7th, because you lose a day crossing the International Date Line westward. To minimize jet lag, adjust your sleep schedule several days before departure to match Tokyo time, stay hydrated during the flight, avoid alcohol and caffeine, and get plenty of sunlight upon arrival. Rest and gradually adapt to the local time zone once you arrive.
(3) When traveling from New York to Tokyo, you need to consider the time difference and the crossing of the International Date Line. New York is generally 12 hours behind Tokyo. If your flight from New York departs on December 20th, you will likely arrive in Tokyo on December 22nd, due to the time difference and flight duration, which is approximately 16 hours non-stop. On your return trip, if you depart Tokyo on January 5th, you'll arrive back in New York on January 6th, because you lose a day crossing the International Date Line westward. To minimize jet lag, start adjusting your sleep schedule a week before departure to match Tokyo time, stay hydrated during the flight, avoid heavy meals and caffeine, and get plenty of sunlight upon arrival. Rest and gradually adapt to the local time zone once you arrive.
(4) When traveling from New York to Tokyo, you need to consider the time difference and the crossing of the International Date Line. New York is typically 14 hours behind Tokyo. If your flight from New York departs on December 20th, you will likely arrive in Tokyo on December 21st, due to the time difference and flight duration, which is approximately 14 hours non-stop. On your return trip, if you depart Tokyo on January 5th, you'll arrive back in New York on the same day, January 5th, because you gain a day crossing the International Date Line eastward. To minimize jet lag, adjust your sleep schedule a few days before departure to match Tokyo time, stay hydrated during the flight, avoid alcohol and caffeine, and get plenty of sunlight upon arrival. Rest and gradually adapt to the local time zone once you arrive.
<br><br>
Which of the statements given above are correct?
</p>
<button class="toggle-btn">Show Options</button>
<div class="details hidden">
<ol>
<li>a) (1) and (3)
(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">Includes (3), which has incorrect time difference and flight arrival details</span>).
</li>
<li class="correct">b) (4) only
(<span style="color: green; font-style: italic;">Accurately reflects the correct time difference, flight durations, and jet lag management strategies</span>).
</li>
<li>c) (1), (3) and (4)
(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">Includes (3), which provides incorrect details about time zones and flight durations</span>).
</li>
<li>d) (1) and (2)
(<span style="color: blue; font-style: italic;">Includes (2), which incorrectly states extreme time differences and unrealistic arrival dates</span>).
</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>
<!-- <div class="question-block hard">
<h5>Hard</h5>
<p><strong>Question:</strong>At work, I can't concentrate and make careless mistakes, and I've lost interest in hobbies I used to enjoy; could stress be causing this, or might it be a sign of a mental health condition, and what strategies can help me improve my focus and motivation?</p>
<ol>
<li class="correct" >a)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to stress, but they may also indicate a mental health condition, such as depression or anxiety. Stress can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as it affects the brain's ability to function optimally. Similarly, depression and anxiety can manifest in similar ways, impacting mood and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with a healthcare professional to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing mindfulness or meditation, ensuring adequate sleep, maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and possibly engaging in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
<li>b)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to physical exhaustion, but they may also indicate a dietary deficiency, such as low iron or vitamin D levels. Physical exhaustion can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as it affects the body's ability to function optimally. Similarly, dietary deficiencies can manifest in similar ways, impacting energy levels and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with a nutritionist to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing deep breathing exercises or yoga, ensuring adequate hydration, maintaining a varied diet, incorporating relaxation techniques regularly, and possibly engaging in nutritional therapy. Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
<li>c)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to dehydration, but they may also indicate an endocrine disorder, such as hypothyroidism or diabetes. Dehydration can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as it affects the body's ability to function optimally. Similarly, endocrine disorders can manifest in similar ways, impacting energy levels and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with an endocrinologist to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing hydration habits or adjusting fluid intake, ensuring regular medical check-ups, maintaining a controlled diet, engaging in specific physical activities, and possibly considering hormonal therapy. Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
<li>D)The symptoms you are experiencing—difficulty concentrating, making careless mistakes, and losing interest in hobbies—could indeed be related to environmental factors, but they may also indicate a neurological condition, such as ADHD or early-onset dementia. Environmental factors can often lead to cognitive issues and a lack of motivation, as they affect an individual's ability to function optimally. Similarly, neurological conditions can manifest in similar ways, impacting cognitive processes and reducing interest in activities once enjoyed. To address these concerns, it's important to first consult with a neurologist to accurately diagnose the underlying cause. Meanwhile, strategies to improve focus and motivation include practicing time management skills or organizational techniques, ensuring regular social interaction, maintaining a stimulating environment, engaging in brain training exercises, and possibly considering medication. Setting small, achievable goals and gradually reintroducing enjoyable activities can also help in regaining interest and motivation.</li>
</ol>
</div> -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="feature">
<h3>Benchmark Statistics</h3>
<p>Explore our comprehensive dataset covering 80 fields, from technical disciplines to creative domains. Gain insight into the diversity and depth of the data that drives our benchmark.</p>
<div class="methodology-feature" id="analysis">
<ul>
<div class="analysis-section">
<h4>Dataset Coverage and Structure</h4>
<ul class="analysis-list">
<li class="analysis-item">
<p>
Our dataset encompasses <span class="highlight">80 fields</span>, featuring a total of <span class="highlight">16,186 questions</span>, carefully curated to evaluate mobile-compatible language models. Each field includes multiple-choice questions designed to test both fundamental knowledge and real-world applications. Below is a comprehensive visualization showing the distribution of questions across all fields, demonstrating the breadth and depth of our benchmark's coverage.
</p>
<p>
The visualization uses a three-layer sunburst chart where the <span class="highlight">innermost ring</span> represents main categories (like "Academic & Learning", "Business & Career"), the <span class="highlight">middle ring</span> shows subcategories (such as "Health & Wellness" including Mental Health and Physical Fitness), and the <span class="highlight">outermost ring</span> displays all 80 fields with their question distribution. Hover over any segment to see detailed statistics, with segment sizes proportional to question counts. The consistent color coding across layers helps track relationships between categories and their subfields, highlighting the systematic coverage of mobile-centric knowledge domains.
</p>
<div id="chartdiv" style="width: 100%; height: 800px; align-items: center; align-self: center;"></div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- <div class="analysis-section">
<h4>Dataset Distribution Analysis</h4>
<ul class="analysis-list">
<li class="analysis-item">
<p>The figures below provide comprehensive insights into our dataset's structure and mobile relevance distribution:</p>
<div class="image-comparison-container">
<div class="image-comparison-item">
<img style="max-width: 80%;" src="images/analysis/combined_question_distribution_across_categories_max_scale.png" alt="Distribution of Questions Across Sub-Categories" class="expandable-image">
<div class="caption">Distribution of questions across sub-categories in Mobile-MMLU vs MMLU, highlighting our focus on mobile-relevant domains</div>
</div>
</div>
<p style="margin-top: 30px;">The distribution comparison reveals key differences between Mobile-MMLU and traditional benchmarks. While MMLU concentrates heavily on advanced academic subjects (seen in the left peaks), Mobile-MMLU shows a more balanced distribution across practical and everyday domains (right side of the graph), demonstrating our emphasis on mobile-relevant content.</p>
<div class="image-comparison-container">
<div class="image-comparison-item">
<img src="images/analysis/topic_hist_kde_mobile_vs_mmlu.png" alt="Mobile Relevance Score Distribution vs MMLU" class="expandable-image">
<div class="caption">Mobile relevance score distribution comparison with MMLU</div>
</div>
<div class="image-comparison-item">
<img src="images/analysis/topic_hist_kde_mobile_vs_mmlu_pro.png" alt="Mobile Relevance Score Distribution vs MMLU-Pro" class="expandable-image">
<div class="caption">Mobile relevance score distribution comparison with MMLU-Pro</div>
</div>
</div>
<p style="margin-top: 30px;">The mobile relevance score distributions (shown in the density plots) highlight our benchmark's distinct focus. Mobile-MMLU exhibits consistently higher relevance scores (averaging 6-8) compared to both MMLU and MMLU-Pro (averaging 2-4), validating our dataset's strong alignment with mobile use cases. This clear separation in relevance scores demonstrates Mobile-MMLU's effectiveness in evaluating LLMs specifically for mobile applications.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div> -->
<div class="analysis-section">
<h4>Topic Distribution Analysis</h4>
<ul class="analysis-list">
<li class="analysis-item">
<p>This visualization demonstrates the topic distribution across Mobile-MMLU, MMLU, and MMLU-Pro benchmarks. From the scatter plot, we can observe that Mobile-MMLU topics occupy a distinct semantic space compared to the topics of MMLU and MMLU-Pro benchmark. This clear separation in the topic distribution highlights Mobile-MMLU's unique focus on practical, mobile-relevant scenarios, complementing existing benchmarks rather than overlapping with them. The distinct clustering pattern validates Mobile-MMLU's contribution as a specialized benchmark tailored for evaluating mobile-oriented language models.</p>
<img style="max-width: 80%;" src="images/analysis/topic_distribution_pca_updated_v8.png" alt="Topic Semantic Space Distribution" class="expandable-image">
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- Section 3: Comparative Analysis -->
<div class="analysis-section">
<h4>Comparative Dataset Analysis</h4>
<ul class="analysis-list">
<li class="analysis-item">
<p>This comparison highlights the differences between the basic statistics of Mobile-MMLU from MMLU and MMLU-Pro benchmark. Our benchmark features a greater number of questions, topics and and are more diverse, offering broader coverage and depth.</p>
<div class="image-comparison-container">
<div class="image-comparison-item">
<img src="images/analysis/total_questions.png" alt="Total Questions Analysis" class="expandable-image">
<div class="caption">Total Questions Distribution</div>
</div>
<div class="image-comparison-item">
<img src="images/analysis/total_topics.png" alt="Total Topics Analysis" class="expandable-image">
<div class="caption">Total Topics Distribution</div>
</div>
</div>
</li>
<!-- Distribution Plots Gallery -->
<li class="analysis-item">
<p>The figures below provide a comprehensive visualization of the dataset characteristics. For Mobile-MMLU and MMLU, we showcase the top 40 categories by both question count and word distribution, highlighting the depth and breadth of coverage in each domain. For MMLU-Pro, which focuses on specialized professional knowledge, we present the top 14 categories. These distributions reveal distinct patterns: Mobile-MMLU demonstrates a balanced distribution across practical, everyday topics, MMLU shows concentration in academic and professional fields, while MMLU-Pro exhibits focused coverage of specialized professional domains.</p>
<div class="images-scroll-container">
<div class="image-gallery">
<figure class="image-item">
<img src="images/analysis/mobile_mmlu_questions_top40.png" alt="Mobile MMLU Questions" class="expandable-image">
<figcaption>Mobile MMLU Questions Distribution</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="image-item">
<img src="images/analysis/mobile_mmlu_words_top40.png" alt="Mobile MMLU Words" class="expandable-image">
<figcaption>Mobile MMLU Word Distribution</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="image-item">
<img src="images/analysis/mmlu_questions_top40.png" alt="MMLU Questions" class="expandable-image">
<figcaption>MMLU Questions Distribution</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="image-item">
<img src="images/analysis/mmlu_words_top40.png" alt="MMLU Words" class="expandable-image">
<figcaption>MMLU Word Distribution</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="image-item">
<img src="images/analysis/mmlu_pro_questions_top14.png" alt="MMLU Pro Questions" class="expandable-image">
<figcaption>MMLU Pro Questions Distribution</figcaption>
</figure>
<figure class="image-item">
<img src="images/analysis/mmlu_pro_words_top14.png" alt="MMLU Pro Words" class="expandable-image">
<figcaption>MMLU Pro Word Distribution</figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<!-- ------------------------------------------------------------- DATASET STATS TABLE BEGIN --------------------------------------------->
<div class="analysis-section">
<h4>Dataset Categories and Question Distribution</h4>
<ul class="analysis-list">
<li class="analysis-item">
<p>The following tables present a comprehensive statistical breakdown comparing Mobile-MMLU with MMLU and MMLU-Pro benchmarks. Each dataset table showcases its unique hierarchical structure - from broad categories to specific topics - along with detailed question counts. Mobile-MMLU offers extensive coverage with 80 fields and 16,186 questions, emphasizing practical, everyday knowledge areas. In contrast, MMLU contains 57 subjects with 15,573 questions focusing on academic disciplines, while MMLU-Pro features 14 specialized professional fields with 12,102 questions. This side-by-side comparison highlights how Mobile-MMLU complements existing benchmarks by introducing new categories specifically relevant to mobile use cases, while maintaining comprehensive coverage in terms of both breadth and depth.</p> <!-- Add table here -->
<div class="scrollable-stats">
<!-- Your generated table HTML goes here -->
<div class="stats-container">
<!-- <div class="stats-header">
<h4>Dataset Categories and Question Distribution</h4>
</div> -->
<div class="dataset-columns">
<!-- Mobile-MMLU Column -->
<div class="dataset-card">
<div class="dataset-title">Mobile-MMLU</div>
<div class="total-count">Total Questions: 16,186</div>
<div class="category-section">
<div class="category-header">Daily Life Skills</div>
<div class="subcategory-list">
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Basic Life Skills</span>
<span class="count">209</span>
</div>
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Time Management</span>
<span class="count">211</span>
</div>
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Conflict Resolution</span>
<span class="count">152</span>
</div>
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Event Planning</span>
<span class="count">201</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="category-section">
<div class="category-header">Food and Cooking</div>
<div class="subcategory-list">
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Cooking And Recipes</span>
<span class="count">274</span>
</div>
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Food Safety</span>
<span class="count">219</span>
</div>
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Nutrition And Diet</span>
<span class="count">151</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="category-section">
<div class="category-header">Digital Literacy</div>
<div class="subcategory-list">
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Digital Literacy</span>
<span class="count">198</span>
</div>
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Technical Help</span>
<span class="count">254</span>
</div>
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Mobile Customization</span>
<span class="count">230</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="category-section">
<div class="category-header">Social Media</div>
<div class="subcategory-list">
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Social Media</span>
<span class="count">217</span>
</div>
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Digital Detox</span>
<span class="count">196</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="category-section">
<div class="category-header">Privacy and Security</div>
<div class="subcategory-list">
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Cybersecurity</span>
<span class="count">208</span>
</div>
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Online Privacy</span>
<span class="count">219</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="category-section">
<div class="category-header">Health and Wellness</div>
<div class="subcategory-list">
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Mental Health</span>
<span class="count">130</span>
</div>
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Physical Fitness</span>
<span class="count">190</span>
</div>
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Medical And Health Knowledge</span>
<span class="count">183</span>
</div>
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Ergonomics</span>
<span class="count">204</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="category-section">
<div class="category-header">Personal Growth</div>
<div class="subcategory-list">
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Creativity</span>
<span class="count">210</span>
</div>
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Emotional Intelligence</span>
<span class="count">133</span>
</div>
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Personal Branding</span>
<span class="count">186</span>
</div>
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Career Development</span>
<span class="count">166</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="category-section">
<div class="category-header">Home and Living</div>
<div class="subcategory-list">
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Home Safety</span>
<span class="count">189</span>
</div>
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Pet Care</span>
<span class="count">208</span>
</div>
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Waste Management</span>
<span class="count">207</span>
</div>
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Home Maintenance</span>
<span class="count">261</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="category-section">
<div class="category-header">Communication</div>
<div class="subcategory-list">
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Communication Skills</span>
<span class="count">134</span>
</div>
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Social Etiquette</span>
<span class="count">200</span>
</div>
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Public Speaking</span>
<span class="count">158</span>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="category-section">
<div class="category-header">Education</div>
<div class="subcategory-list">
<div class="subcategory-item">
<span>Education Techniques</span>
<span class="count">146</span>